\u5f15\u8a00<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8482\u83ab\u897f\u00b7\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\u7684Timothy Snyder\u300a\u8bba\u66b4\u653f\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u4e2a\u6559\u8bad\u300b\u300aOn Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century\u300b\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u4e3a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u624b\u518c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e2017\u5e74\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u7279\u6717\u666e\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u90a3\u6bb5\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u7126\u8651\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\u662f\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u300a\u8840\u8272\u5927\u5730\u300b\u548c\u300a\u9ed1\u571f\u5730\u300b\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u300a\u8bba\u66b4\u653f\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u6d53\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u90e8\u7b80\u77ed\u6613\u61c2\u3001\u9762\u5411\u5e7f\u5927\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u7b80\u6d01\u660e\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u77ed\u77ed120\u591a\u9875\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u4e2d\uff0c\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e2a\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6559\u8bad\u90fd\u53d7\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u5931\u8d25\u548c\u53cd\u6297\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u5b83\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u7d27\u8feb\uff1a\u66b4\u653f\u5e76\u975e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u9057\u8ff9\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u613f\u610f\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u672c\u8bc4\u8bba\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u5ba1\u89c6\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u6790\u771f\u76f8\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u53cd\u54cd\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8912\u8d2c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u672c\u4e66\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e2a\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6559\u8bad\u90fd\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u51e0\u9875\u3002\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\u4ee5\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u6743\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5d29\u6e83\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u54ea\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u53cd\u6297\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0d\u8981\u9884\u5148\u670d\u4ece\u3002\u5f53\u516c\u6c11\u9884\u5148\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u8eab\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u8981\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u66b4\u653f\u5c31\u4f1a\u6ecb\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u634d\u536b\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u754c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8b66\u60d5\u4e00\u515a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5f53\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u653f\u515a\u65f6\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u3001\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u968f\u610f\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u7740\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u76f8\u4fe1\u771f\u76f8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u5171\u540c\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c31\u4f1a\u6ca6\u4e3a\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\u3002\u52c7\u6c14\u5177\u6709\u611f\u67d3\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u62b5\u6297\u5f80\u5f80\u59cb\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u613f\u610f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5584\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u9648\u8bcd\u6ee5\u8c03\u548c\u53e3\u53f7\u53ea\u4f1a\u4e3a\u64cd\u7eb5\u94fa\u5e73\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7231\u56fd\u8005\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u5473\u7740\u634d\u536b\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u76f2\u76ee\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6bcf\u4e00\u8bfe\u90fd\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u5b9e\u7528\u5efa\u8bae\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b66\u672f\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u5ba3\u8a00\u5f0f\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u5199\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. \u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fdc\u6bd4\u5927\u591a\u6570\u516c\u6c11\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8981\u8106\u5f31\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ff7\u601d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u51fa\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u672a\u80fd\u634d\u536b\u5236\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fc5\u901f\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u3002\u6559\u8bad\u662f\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u80fd\u591f\u514d\u53d7\u66b4\u653f\u7684\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. \u771f\u76f8\u4e0e\u540e\u771f\u76f8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u672c\u4e66\u683c\u5916\u5f3a\u8c03\u771f\u76f8\u3002\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53cd\u6297\u66b4\u653f\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u4f9d\u9760\u8c0e\u8a00\u3001\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u4fb5\u8680\u800c\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4ed6\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5ba3\u4f20\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u8c0e\u8a00\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6743\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u5199\u5386\u53f2\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53cd\u6297\u66b4\u653f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u634d\u536b\u771f\u76f8\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u72ec\u7acb\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u8d28\u7591\u5b98\u65b9\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u62d2\u7edd\u4f20\u64ad\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u56de\u97f3\u5ba4\u6548\u5e94\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u673a\u6784\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5171\u9e23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. \u4e2a\u4eba\u8d23\u4efb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u673a\u6784\u6216\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u300a\u8bba\u66b4\u653f\u300b\u5c06\u8d23\u4efb\u76f4\u63a5\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b49\u5f85\u201c\u522b\u4eba\u201d\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u6c11\u4e3b\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u81ea\u5df1\u884c\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6297\u8bae\u3001\u652f\u6301\u672c\u5730\u65b0\u95fb\u4e1a\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u62d2\u7edd\u5c06\u4ec7\u6068\u8a00\u8bba\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u524d\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u65e5\u5e38\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee4\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u6c49\u5a1c\u00b7\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u5728\u300a\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u827e\u5e0c\u66fc\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u201c\u5e73\u5eb8\u4e4b\u6076\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5f53\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u4ece\u800c\u975e\u826f\u77e5\u65f6\uff0c\u66b4\u653f\u5c31\u4f1a\u6ecb\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. \u5386\u53f2\u6307\u5f15<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u98ce\u683c\u4e0e\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6210\u529f\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u3002\u4e0e\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\u90a3\u4e9b\u539a\u91cd\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8457\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u300a\u8bba\u66b4\u653f\u300b\u7bc7\u5e45\u77ed\u5c0f\u3001\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u4e13\u4e3a\u5927\u4f17\u8bfb\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u8bfe\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u6210\u4e00\u7bc7\u77ed\u6587\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u672c\u4e66\u6613\u4e8e\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u8bfb\u5b8c\u6216\u5206\u6210\u51e0\u90e8\u5206\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u5176\u683c\u8a00\u5f0f\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u2014\u2014\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u2014\u2014\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u8bf2\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5b66\u672f\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u53cd\u54cd\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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